TITLE: LDAP AUTH
LFS VERSION: 3.1
AUTHOR: Michenaud Laurent <Michenaud Laurent>
VERSION : BETA BETA BETA
SYNOPSIS:
HINT:
I - PAM
=======
download here :
http://www.us.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/pre/library/Linux-PAM-0.75.tar.bz2
http://www.us.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/pre/library/cracklib-files.tgz
1) CrackLib Installation
unpack cracklib-files.tgz
cp usr/include/* /usr/include/*
cp usr/lib/* /usr/lib/*
cp usr/sbin/* /usr/sbin/*
2) Pam Installation
./configure --with-mailspool=/var/mail
make
make install
# Create the directory where u can have one file
# per service configuration
mkdir /etc/pam.d
# Creating missing links
cd /lib
ln -s libpam.so.0.75 libpam.so.0
ln -s libpam_misc.so.0.75 libpam_misc.so.0
3) Shadow-20001016 recompilation
You have to reinstall the shadow-20001016 package
in order to take of PAM.
For that, recompile the option --with-pam
I am not a pam specialist and maybe it will be good to add
a specific configuration for the other services such ftp, telnet,etc...
II - OPENLDAP
=============
download here :
ftp://ftp.OpenLDAP.org/pub/OpenLDAP/openldap-release/openldap-2.0.22.tgz
1) Installation
---------------
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--localstatedir=/var \
--enable-syslog \
--with-threads \
--with-tls \
--enable-ldap \
--enable-slapd \
--enable-crypt \
--enable-modules \
--enable-dynamic \
--enable-ldbm \
--enable-passwd-backend \
--enable-slurpd
make depend
make
make test
make install
2) SSL Key Generation for connection encryption
-----------------------------------------------
mkdir /etc/openldap/ssl
cd /etc/openldap/ssl
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out slapd.pem -keyout slapd.key -days 365
It will ask a few question needed to generate the key.
VERY IMPORTANT :
When asking for Common Name, enter your hostname.
I don't know why but without that, it will not work.
3) OpenLDAP Configuration
--------------------------
You should read the documentation.
Here is what i use with some explanations.
The configuration is /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
###################################
# Begin of /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
# The following included files define the necessary
# objects
include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema
#
# GLOBAL DIRECTIVES
#
pidfile /var/run/slapd.pid
argsfile /var/run/slapd.args
# Load dynamic backend modules:
modulepath /usr/libexec/openldap
# moduleload back_ldap.la
moduleload back_ldbm.la
# moduleload back_passwd.la
# moduleload back_shell.la
# Access Control
# access to
# Default acces { none | compare | search | read | write }
defaultaccess read
# Time before an idle connection is killed, -1 to desactivate this fonction
idletimeout 0
# Loglevel
loglevel 256
# Define the max records number that a research can provide.
sizelimit 500
# Specifie le referral quand slapd ne peut trouver une base
# de données locale
# referral
#
# GENERAL BACKEND OPTIONS
# options for all databases
#
# Database type : ldbm, shell, passwd
backend ldbm
#
# GENERAL DATABASE DIRECTIVES
#
# Database type
database ldbm
# Read only database
readonly off
# replica ldap-1.example.com:389 tls=yes
# bindmethod=sasl saslmech=GSSAPI
# authcId=host/ldap-master.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
# Log file for replication
replogfile /var/log/openldap/master-slapd.replog
# specifies the DN that is not subject to access control or
# administrative limit restrictions for operations on this database. The DN
# need not refer to an entry in the directory. The DN may refer to a SASL
# identity.
rootdn "cn=Manager,dc=zerezo,dc=org"
# Specify a password for the entry above
rootpw secret
#rootpw {crypt}fdssdfs
# Suffix for this database
suffix "dc=zerezo,c=org"
#updatedn <dn>
#updateref <url>
#
# LDBM BACKEND SPECIFIC DIRECTIVES
#
# Memory cache size
cachesize 1000
# Cache size for each opened index
dbcachesize 100000
# Deactivate database lock
dbnolocking
# Directory that contains lbdm-files
directory /var/openldap-ldbm
# Defines the index to maintain
index objectClass,uid,uidNumber,gidNumber,memberUid eq
index cn,mail,surname,givenname eq,subinitial
# Droits par default pour les nouveaux index
mode 0600
# SSL encryption
TLSCertificateFile /etc/openldap/ssl/slapd.pem
TLSCertificateKeyFile /etc/openldap/ssl/slapd.key
TLSCACertificateFile /etc/openldap/ssl/slapd.pem
# End of /etc/openldap.slapd.conf
#################################
Now, we have to configure the log mechanism.
U have to add this line in /etc/syslog.conf :
local4.* -/var/log/openldap.log
3) The starting script /etc/rc.d/init.d/openldap
------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/sh
# Begin $rc_base/init.d/
# Based on sysklogd script from LFS-3.1 and earlier.
# Rewritten by Gerard Beekmans - gerard@linuxfromscratch.org
source /etc/sysconfig/rc
source $rc_functions
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Démarrage du serveur openldap..."
/opt/network/libexec/slapd -h "ldap:/// ldaps:///" -d 1
;;
stop)
echo -n "Arrêt du serveur openldap..."
kill -INT `cat /var/run/slapd.pid`
;;
reload)
echo -n "Rechargement du serveur openldap..."
reloadproc openldap
;;
restart)
$0 stop
sleep 1
$0 start
;;
status)
statusproc
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|status}"
exit 1
;;
esac
# End $rc_base/init.d/
Add the link in
/etc/rc.d/rc*.d
3) Starting the server
---------------------
First, start the openldap server with the script.
If it fails, try to launch it by hand with debug mode
with the following command :
$ /usr/libexec/slapd -d 1
Then, execute the following test and checks wether there are no error :
ldapsearch -b 'dc=zerezo,dc=org' 'objectclass=*'
4) Importing data for OPENLDAP
------------------------------
Now, you have to write the file containing your user data.
My openldap database has the following structure :
org
|- zerezo
|- people
| zarba
| karine
|- groups
| wheel
| users
Here the file in the LDIF format :
# Begin of /tmp/newentry
dn: dc=zerezo, dc=org
objectclass: top
objectclass: organizationalUnit
ou: zerezo
dn:ou=groups, dc=zerezo, dc=org
objectclass: top
objectclass: organizationalUnit
ou: groups
dn:ou=people, dc=zerezo, dc=org
objectclass: top
objectclass: organizationalUnit
ou: people
dn: cn=Michenaud Laurent, ou=people, dc=zerezo, dc=org
cn: Michenaud Laurent
sn: Zarba
objectclass: top
objectclass: person
objectclass: posixAccount
objectclass: shadowAccount
uid:zarba
userpassword:{crypt}sfsdfdsfd
uidnumber:1002
gidnumber:103
gecos:Michenaud Laurent
loginShell:/bin/bash
homeDirectory: /home/zarba
shadowLastChange:10877
shadowMin: 0
shadowMax: 999999
shadowWarning: 7
shadowInactive: -1
shadowExpire: -1
shadowFlag: 0
dn: cn=Michenaud Karine, ou=people, dc=zerezo, dc=org
cn: Michenaud Karine
sn: Buffy
objectclass: top
objectclass: person
objectclass: posixAccount
objectclass: shadowAccount
uid:karine
userpassword:{crypt}sfsdfdsfd
uidnumber:1002
gidnumber:103
gecos:Michenaud Karine
loginShell:/bin/bash
homeDirectory: /home/karine
shadowLastChange:10877
shadowMin: 0
shadowMax: 999999
shadowWarning: 7
shadowInactive: -1
shadowExpire: -1
shadowFlag: 0
dn: cn=wheel, ou=groups, dc=zerezo, dc=org
objectclass: top
objectclass: posixGroup
cn: wheel
gidnumber: 103
memberuid: zarba
dn: cn=users, ou=groups, dc=zerezo, dc=org
objectclass: top
objectclass: posixGroup
cn: users
gidnumber: 100
memberuid: zarba
memberuid: karine
# End of file /tmp/newentry
Import the file in your database with the following command :
$ ldapadd -f /tmp/newentry -D "cn=Manager,dc=zerezo,dc=org" -w secret
Then, you can execute the following test for fun :
ldapsearch -b 'dc=zerezo,dc=org' 'cn=Michenaud Laurent'
ldapsearch -u -b 'dc=zerezo,dc=org' 'cn=Michenaud Laurent' sn mail
See in the LDAP Howto at www.linuxdoc.org to modify or
delete some ldap records.
III - PAM_LDAP
==============
Download here : ftp://ftp.padl.com/pub/pam_ldap.tgz
1) Installation
Strange installation but i didnot find any other way
to make compilation working.
./configure --with-ldap-lib=openldap --with-ldap-dir=/usr
make
make
sed 's|depcomp = $(SHELL) $(top_srcdir)/depcomp||' \
Makefile > Makefile.tmp &&
mv Makefile.tmp Makefile
make
make install
# We copy all the pam service config files in /etc/pam.d/
cp pam.d/* /etc/pam.d/
IV - NSS LDAP
=============
download here : ftp://ftp.padl.com/pub/nss_ldap.tgz
1) Installation
./configure --enable-schema-mapping --with-ldap-lib=openldap --with-ldap-dir=/usr
make
make
sed 's|depcomp = $(SHELL) $(top_srcdir)/depcomp||' \
Makefile > Makefile.tmp &&
mv Makefile.tmp Makefile
make
make install
2) Configuration
You have to edit the /etc/nsswitch.conf like this :
passwd: files ldap
group: files ldap
shadow: files ldap
3) LDAP client configuration file
# Begin of /etc/ldap.conf
# Your LDAP server. Must be resolvable without using LDAP.
host 127.0.0.1
# The distinguished name of the search base.
base dc=zerezo,dc=org
# version de ldap
ldap_version 3
# The distinguished name to bind to the server with.
# Optional: default is to bind anonymously.
#binddn cn=proxyuser,dc=padl,dc=com
# The credentials to bind with.
# Optional: default is no credential.
#bindpw secret
# The distinguished name to bind to the server with
# if the effective user ID is root. Password is
# stored in /etc/ldap.secret (mode 600)
#rootbinddn cn=manager,dc=padl,dc=com
# The port.
# Optional: default is 389.
port 636
# The search scope.
#scope sub
#scope one
#scope base
# Search timelimit
#timelimit 30
# Bind timelimit
#bind_timelimit 30
# Idle timelimit; client will close connections
# (nss_ldap only) if the server has not been contacted
# for the number of seconds specified below.
#idle_timelimit 3600
# Filter to AND with uid=%s
pam_filter objectclass=posixAccount
# The user ID attribute (defaults to uid)
pam_login_attribute uid
# Search the root DSE for the password policy (works
# with Netscape Directory Server)
#pam_lookup_policy yes
# Check the 'host' attribute for access control
# Default is no; if set to yes, and user has no
# value for the host attribute, and pam_ldap is
# configured for account management (authorization)
# then the user will not be allowed to login.
#pam_check_host_attr yes
# Group to enforce membership of
#pam_groupdn cn=PAM,ou=Groups,dc=padl,dc=com
# Group member attribute
#pam_member_attribute uniquemember
pam_member_attribute memberuid
# Specify a minium or maximum UID number allowed
#pam_min_uid 0
#pam_max_uid 0
# Template login attribute, default template user
# (can be overriden by value of former attribute
# in user's entry)
#pam_login_attribute userPrincipalName
#pam_template_login_attribute uid
#pam_template_login nobody
# HEADS UP: the pam_crypt, pam_nds_passwd,
# and pam_ad_passwd options are no
# longer supported.
# Do not hash the password at all; presume
# the directory server will do it, if
# necessary. This is the default.
#pam_password clear
# Hash password locally; required for University of
# Michigan LDAP server, and works with Netscape
# Directory Server if you're using the UNIX-Crypt
# hash mechanism and not using the NT Synchronization
# service.
pam_password crypt
# Remove old password first, then update in
# cleartext. Necessary for use with Novell
# Directory Services (NDS)
#pam_password nds
# Update Active Directory password, by
# creating Unicode password and updating
# unicodePwd attribute.
#pam_password ad
# Use the OpenLDAP password change
# extended operation to update the password.
#pam_password exop
# RFC2307bis naming contexts
# Syntax:
# nss_base_XXX base?scope?filter
# where scope is {base,one,sub}
# and filter is a filter to be &'d with the
# default filter.
# You can omit the suffix eg:
# nss_base_passwd ou=People,
# to append the default base DN but this
# may incur a small performance impact.
#nss_base_passwd ou=People,dc=padl,dc=com?one
#nss_base_shadow ou=People,dc=padl,dc=com?one
#nss_base_group ou=Group,dc=padl,dc=com?one
#nss_base_hosts ou=Hosts,dc=padl,dc=com?one
#nss_base_services ou=Services,dc=padl,dc=com?one
#nss_base_networks ou=Networks,dc=padl,dc=com?one
#nss_base_protocols ou=Protocols,dc=padl,dc=com?one
#nss_base_rpc ou=Rpc,dc=padl,dc=com?one
#nss_base_ethers ou=Ethers,dc=padl,dc=com?one
#nss_base_netmasks ou=Networks,dc=padl,dc=com?ne
#nss_base_bootparams ou=Ethers,dc=padl,dc=com?one
#nss_base_aliases ou=Aliases,dc=padl,dc=com?one
#nss_base_netgroup ou=Netgroup,dc=padl,dc=com?one
# attribute/objectclass mapping
# Syntax:
#nss_map_attribute rfc2307attribute mapped_attribute
#nss_map_objectclass rfc2307objectclass mapped_objectclass
# configure --enable-nds is no longer supported.
# For NDS now do:
#nss_map_attribute uniqueMember member
# configure --enable-mssfu-schema is no longer supported.
# For MSSFU now do:
#nss_map_objectclass posixAccount User
#nss_map_attribute uid msSFUName
#nss_map_attribute uniqueMember posixMember
#nss_map_attribute userPassword msSFUPassword
#nss_map_attribute homeDirectory msSFUHomeDirectory
#nss_map_objectclass posixGroup Group
#pam_login_attribute msSFUName
#pam_filter objectclass=User
#pam_password ad
# configure --enable-authpassword is no longer supported
# For authPassword support, now do:
#nss_map_attribute userPassword authPassword
#pam_password nds
# For IBM SecureWay support, do:
#nss_map_objectclass posixAccount aixAccount
#nss_map_attribute uid userName
#nss_map_attribute gidNumber gid
#nss_map_attribute uidNumber uid
#nss_map_attribute userPassword passwordChar
#nss_map_objectclass posixGroup aixAccessGroup
#nss_map_attribute cn groupName
#nss_map_attribute uniqueMember member
#pam_login_attribute userName
#pam_filter objectclass=aixAccount
#pam_password clear
# Netscape SDK LDAPS
#ssl on
# Netscape SDK SSL options
#sslpath /etc/ssl/certs/cert7.db
# OpenLDAP SSL mechanism
# start_tls mechanism uses the normal LDAP port, LDAPS typically 636
ssl start_tls
ssl on
# OpenLDAP SSL options
# Require and verify server certificate (yes/no)
# Default is "no"
#tls_checkpeer yes
# CA certificates for server certificate verification
# At least one of these are required if tls_checkpeer is "yes"
#tls_cacertfile /etc/ssl/ca.cert
#tls_cacertdir /etc/ssl/certs
# SSL cipher suite
# See man ciphers for syntax
#tls_ciphers TLSv1
# Client certificate and key
# Use these, if your server requires client authentication.
#tls_cert
#tls_key
4) Check the permission
-rw-r--r-- root.root /etc/ldap.conf
-rw------- root.root /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
5) Examples of extension of nss_ldap
You can put your services definition in your openldap too.
Here is an example ldif file for services :
dn:ou=tcpIp, dc=zerezo, dc=org
objectclass: top
objectclass: organizationalUnit
ou: tcpIp
dn: cn=swat,ou=tcpIp,dc=zerezo,dc=org
cn: swat
objectclass: ipService
ipServicePort: 901
ipServiceProtocol: tcp
cn: swat
dn: cn=cups,ou=tcpIp,dc=zerezo,dc=org
cn: cups
objectclass: ipService
ipServicePort: 631
ipServiceProtocol: tcp
cn: cups
Then just add "ldap" in nsswitch.conf for the line services.
What is bad is that aliases are not managed in the schema.
You can define too your networks, protocols and rpc in the
openldap database.
==========================
V - PROFTPD auth with LDAP
==========================
It just speaks about adding LDAP to proftpd...
It doesnot speak about installing and configuring proftpd...
download here : http://horde.net/~jwm/software/mod_ldap/mod_ldap-2.8.1.tar.bz2
1) Installation
Proftpd-1.2.4 provides only mod_ldap-2.7.6 so you have to download the
latest version of the module.
Extract the module archive and copy mod_ldap.c in your proftpd-1.2.4/contrib/
Proftpd can work with LDAP SSL/TLS. To enable SSL/TLS, edit mod_ldap.c
and uncomment /* #define USE_LDAPV3_TLS */
Recompile proftpd with the option : --with-modules=mod_ldap
2) Configuration
In your proftpd.conf, just add :
LDAPServer localhost
LDAPDNInfo cn=Manager,dc=zerezo,dc=org password
LDAPDoAuth on "dc=zerezo,dc=org"
LDAPUseTLS on
I had to add these parameters for the global section and for
each virtual host to make it work
You have to create the /etc/ftpusers, /etc/shells too
============================
VII - POSTFIX Auth with LDAP
============================
Postfix doesnot work with LDAP-TLS/SSL.
1) Installation
Unpack the postfix tarballs and execute the following commands,
and then compile like you are used to to it.
make tidy
make makefiles CCARGS="-I/usr/local/include -DHAS_LDAP" \
AUXLIBS="-L/usr/local/lib -lldap -L/usr/local/lib -llber"
2) Configuration in your main.cf files.
Here is a basic configuration for integrating ldap in postfix.
I know you can do more like integrating your files /etc/aliases,
sender_canonical and recipient_canonicial in the openldap database.
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, ldap:ldapsource
ldapsource_server_host = localhost
ldapsource_server_port = 389
ldapsource_search_base = dc=zerezo, dc=org
ldapsource_timeout = 5
#ldapsource_query_filter=mailacceptinggeneralid=%s
#ldapsource_domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains
#ldapsource_result_attribute = mailbox,maildrop
#ldapsource_special_result_attribute = member
#ldapsource_bind = no
#ldapsource_bind_dn = uid=postfix, dc=your, dc=com
#ldapsource_bind_pw = postfixpw
===================
IX - OPENLDAP UTILS
===================
1) GQ, an interface to browse/edit an ldap database
download here : http://biot.com/gq/download/gq-0.4.0.tar.gz
./configure
make
make install
2) Directory Administrator
A great program to manager users and group
through openldap
download here :
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/directoryadmin/directory_administrator-1.1.3.tar.gz
./configure
make
make install
=========
X - SAMBA
=========
1) Samba installation
I recommend Samba 2.2.2_HEAD
cd sources
./configure --prefix=/opt/network \
--with-smbmount \
--with-configdir=/etc/samba \
--with-privatedir=/etc/samba/private \
--with-acl-support \
--with-profile \
--disable-static \
--with-ldapsam \
--with-syslog \
--with-ssl \
--with-ssl-lib=/opt/network/lib \
--with-ssl-include=/opt/network/include \
--with-pam \
--with-pam_smbpass
make
make install
cd ..
cp examples/LDAP/samba.schema /etc/openldap/schema/
2) Configuration
Add in /etc/openldap/slapd.conf :
include /etc/openldap/schema/samba.schema
access to attrs=lmPassword,ntPassword
by 'cn=samba,ou=SystemAccounts,dc=zerezo,dc=Org'
write by self write by * auth
Edit samba.schema and delete the displayName attribute
because we have already it.
Then we need to precise the password for accessing the LDAP server
smbpasswd -w secret
==============
X - CONCLUSION
==============
I wrote this hint while discovering openldap.
There may be some errors and it may be incomplete.
Feel free to modify this hint to improve it :)
TO DO :
- Adding security rules
- exporting an entire LDAP ( backup )
- Samba Auth with LDAP ( Completing )
- Postfix more integration
- Replication
- Maybe Kerberos